13.080.20 (Physical properties of soil) 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1520-99(2009) 粒状载体和干播撤颗粒状制剂中每镑颗粒数的标准试验方法

This test method was designed principally for clay granular carriers and clay-based granular formulations, but need not be limited to these materials. This procedure is applicable to granules in the range from 8 to 60 mesh (2.36 to 0.25 mm). The sieve sizes used to calculate total particle count will be called the desired range and should be specified as part of the test results.1.1 This test method is used to determine the number of particles per pound of granular carriers and granular pesticide formulations. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.

Standard Test Method for Particle Counts Per Pound of Granular Carriers and Dry-Applied Granular Formulations

ASTM D6276-99a 用PH值估计土壤稳定要求的土壤石灰比例的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index. 1.2 This test method is used to determine the lowest percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of 12.4. 1.3 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, etc. can adversely affect soil-lime reactions. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization

ASTM C1402-98 土壤样品的高分辨率γ射线光谱测定法的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the identification and quantitative determination of gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in soil samples by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. It is applicable to nuclides emitting gamma rays with energies greater than 20 keV. For typical gamma-ray spectrometry systems and sample types, activity levels of about 5 Bq are measured easily for most nuclides, and activity levels as low as 0.1 Bq can be measured for many nuclides. It is not applicable to radionuclides that emit no gamma rays such as the pure beta-emitting radionuclides hydrogen-3, carbon-14, strontium-90, and becquerel quantities of most transuranics. This guide does not address the in situ measurement techniques, where soil is analyzed in place without sampling. Guidance for in situ techniques can be found in Ref (1) and (2). This guide also does not discuss methods for determining lower limits of detection. Such discussions can be found in Refs (3), (4), (5), and (6). 1.2 This guide can be used for either quantitative or relative determinations. For quantitative assay, the results are expressed in terms of absolute activities or activity concentrations of the radionuclides found to be present. This guide may also be used for qualitative identification of the gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in soil without attempting to quantify their activities. It can also be used to only determine their level of activities relative to each other but not in an absolute sense. General information on radioactivity and its measurement may be found in Refs (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11) and General Methods E-181. Information on specific applications of gamma-ray spectrometry is also available in Refs (12) or (13). Practice D 3649 is a valuable source of information. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous material, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Soil Samples

ASTM D6067-96e1 环境定位特性用电子锥形透度计使用的标准指南

1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental site characterization purposes (1). The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in Test Method D 5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications involves further considerations that are not discussed. 1.2 The purpose of this test method is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes. 1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this test method to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D 6001. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This test method is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites. 1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Standard Guide for Using the Electronic Cone Penetrometer for Environmental Site Characterization

ASTM D3877-96 土壤石灰混合物单向膨胀,收缩和隆起压力的试验方法

1.1 These test methods provide procedures for conducting expansion, shrinkage, and uplift pressure tests on compacted soil-lime mixtures and can be used to determine the lime content required to achieve desired control of volume changes caused by increases or decreases of moisture. 1.2 The tests can be used to determine (1) the magnitude of volume changes under varying load conditions, (2) the rate of volume change, and (3) the magnitude of pressure change as moisture changes of the soil-lime mixture take place. The permeability of soil-lime mixture can also, if desired, be determined at the various load conditions. Note 1-Changes in field conditions can have major effects on the expansion and shrinkage characteristics of expansive soils. Therefore, to the greatest extent possible, initial and anticipated future field conditions should be duplicated, particularly with respect to moisture and density. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures

ASTM D6067-96(2003) 环境定位特性用电子锥形透度计使用的标准指南

1.1 The electronic cone penetrometer test often is used to determine subsurface stratigraphy for geotechnical and environmental site characterization purposes (1). The geotechnical application of the electronic cone penetrometer test is discussed in detail in Test Method D 5778, however, the use of the electronic cone penetrometer test in environmental site characterization applications involves further considerations that are not discussed.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to discuss aspects of the electronic cone penetrometer test that need to be considered when performing tests for environmental site characterization purposes.1.3 The electronic cone penetrometer test for environmental site characterization projects often requires steam cleaning the push rods and grouting the hole. There are numerous ways of cleaning and grouting depending on the scope of the project, local regulations, and corporate preferences. It is beyond the scope of this guide to discuss all of these methods in detail. A detailed explanation of grouting procedures is discussed in Guide D 6001.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide is applicable only at sites where chemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern and is not intended for use at radioactive or mixed (chemical and radioactive) waste sites.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.

Standard Guide for Using the Electronic Cone Penetrometer for Environmental Site Characterization

ASTM D5874-95 测定土壤冲击值的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a soil either in the field or a test mold. 1.2 The standard test method, using a 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, is suitable for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of an unsaturated compacted fill, in particular pavement materials, soils, and soil-aggregates having maximum particle sizes less than 37.5 mm (1.5 in.). 1.3 By using a lighter 0.5 kg (1.1 lbm) hammer, this test method is applicable for evaluating lower strength soils such as fine grained cohesionless, highly organic, saturated, or highly plastic soils having a maximum particle size less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.). 1.4 By performing laboratory test correlations for a particular soil using the 4.5 kg (10 lbm) hammer, IV may be correlated with an unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) or may be used to infer percentage compaction. 1.5 The values stated SI are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are given for information only. 1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1-The equipment and procedures contained in this test method are similar to those developed by B. Clegg in the 1970s at the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. Impact Value is also commonly known as Clegg Impact Value (CIV).

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Impact Value (IV) of a Soil

ASTM D5607-95 在恒定的正常应力下进行岩石样品的实验室直接剪切强度试验的标准方法

1.1 This test method establishes requirements and laboratory procedures for performing direct shear strength tests on rock specimens. It includes procedures for both intact rock strength and sliding friction tests which can be performed on specimens that are homogeneous, or have planes of weakness, including natural or artificial discontinuities. Examples of an artificial discontinuity include a rock-concrete interface or a lift line from a concrete pour. Discontinuities may be open, partially or completely healed or filled (that is, clay fillings and gouge). Only one discontinuity per specimen can be tested. The test is usually conducted in the undrained state with an applied constant normal load. However, a clean, open discontinuity may be free draining, and, therefore, a test on a clean, open discontinuity could be considered a drained test. During the test, shear strength is determined at various applied stresses normal to the sheared plane and at various shear displacements. Relationships derived from the test data include shear strength versus normal stress and shear stress versus shear displacement (shear stiffness). Note 1-The term "normal force" is used in the title instead of normal stress because of the indefinable area of contact and the minimal relative displacement between upper and lower halves of the specimen during testing. The actual contact areas during testing change, but the actual total contact surface is unmeasurable. Therefore nominal area is used for loading purposes and calculations. Note 2-Since this test method makes no provision for the measurement of pore pressures, the strength values determined are expressed in terms of total stress, uncorrected for pore pressure. 1.2 This standard applies to hard rock, soft rock, and concrete. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Performing Laboratory Direct Shear Strength Tests of Rock Specimens Under Constant Normal Force

ASTM D4943-95 用蜂蜡法测试土壤收缩系数的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the shrinkage limit of soils. 1.2 The data obtained using this test method may also be used to calculate shrinkage ratio, volumetric shrinkage, and linear shrinkage. 1.3 This test method is applicable only for cohesive soils. 1.4 Since this test method is performed only on that portion of a soil which passes the No. 40 (425-[mu]m) sieve, the relative consistency of this portion of the soil to the properties of the sample as a whole must be considered when using these procedures to evaluate the properties of a soil. 1.5 The shrinkage limit along with the liquid limit and plastic limit of soils are often collectively referred to as the Atterberg limits in recognition of their formation by Swedish soil scientist, A. Atterberg. These limits distinguish the boundaries of the several consistency states of cohesive soils. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazards, see Section 7, Note 1, and X1.1.

Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Wax Method

ASTM D5778-95(2000) 土壤中的电子摩擦锥运行和压电锥穿透试验的标准试验方法

Tests performed using this test method provide a detailed record of cone resistance which is useful for evaluation of site stratigraphy, homogeneity and depth to firm layers, voids or cavities, and other discontinuities. The use of a friction sleeve and pore pressure element can provide an estimate of soil classification, and correlations with engineering properties of soils. When properly performed at suitable sites, the test provides a rapid means for determining subsurface conditions. This test method provides data used for estimating engineering properties of soil intended to help with the design and construction of earthworks, the foundations for structures, and the behavior of soils under static and dynamic loads. This test method tests the soil in situ and soil samples are not obtained. The interpretation of the results from this test method provides estimates of the types of soil penetrated. Engineers may obtain soil samples from parallel borings for correlation purposes but prior information or experience may preclude the need for borings.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the resistance to penetration of a conical pointed penetrometer as it is advanced into subsurface soils at a slow, steady rate.1.2 This test method is also used to determine the frictional resistance of a cylindrical sleeve located behind the conical point as it is advanced through subsurface soils at a slow, steady rate.1.3 This test method applies to friction-cone penetrometers of the electronic type.1.4 This test method can be used to determine pore pressure development during push of a piezocone penetrometer. Pore pressure dissipation, after a push, can also be monitored for correlation to soil compressibility and permeability.1.5 Other sensors such as inclinometer, seismic, and temperature sensors may be included in the penetrometer to provide useful information. The use of an inclinometer is highly recommended since it will provide information on potentially damaging situations during the sounding process.1.6 Cone penetration test data can be used to interpret subsurface stratigraphy, and through use of site specific correlations it can provide data on engineering properties of soils intended for use in design and construction of earthworks and foundations for structures.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within Section 13 on Calculations, SI metric units are considered the standard. Other commonly used units such as the inch-pound system are shown in brackets. The various data reported should be displayed in mutually compatible units as agreed to by the client or user. Cone tip projected area is commonly referred to in centimetres for convenience. The values stated in each system are not equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Note 1--This test method does not include hydraulic or pneumatic penetrometers. However, many of the procedural requirements herein could apply to those penetrometers.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Performing Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils

ASTM D5852-95 喷射指示法现场或实验室测定土壤腐蚀性的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the estimation of erodibility of a soil by a jet index method. This test method involves either preparing a field site or obtaining a relatively undisturbed soil sample and the subsequent activities for the determination of the erodibility of soil. This test method also may be run on compacted samples in the laboratory. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method